Karakter Morfologi dan Produksi Varietas Padi Sawah Lahan Tadah Hujan pada Musim Kemarau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v14i2.1359Keywords:
lowland rice, varieties, rainfed field, dry season, grain yieldAbstract
Rainfed lowland fields represent marginal agroecosystems that are highly vulnerable to drought stress due to their full dependence on rainfall as the primary water source, often resulting in reduced rice productivity. Therefore, adaptive and high-yielding varieties are required to sustain production under these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological characters and yield performance of five rice varieties, namely MR 20, Kusuma, Inpari 32, IR-64 Jumbo, and Pak Tiwi 2, cultivated in rainfed fields during the dry season. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Observed parameters included vegetative traits, generative traits, biomass, and grain yield per hectare, which were analyzed using ANOVA, LSD test at 5%, and correlation analysis. The results showed that Inpari 32 excelled in vegetative traits and yield components such as panicle length and 1000-grain weight. MR 20 performed best in total grain number, filled grain number, and grain weight per hill, while IR-64 Jumbo produced the longest panicle and the highest yield (7.5 t·ha?¹), comparable to MR 20 (7.3 t·ha?¹). Correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively associated with panicle length, total grain number, filled grain number, and root biomass. Overall, MR 20 and IR-64 Jumbo are recommended as adaptive and high-yielding varieties for rainfed lowland fields in the dry season, whereas Inpari 32 is superior in yield components and grain quality.
References
Anusha, K., Srinivas, B., Hari, Y., Shankar, V. G., OmPrakash, S., & Kumar, R. S. (2024). Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 46(8), 700–709. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82753
Benitez-Alfonso, Y., Soanes, B. K., Zimba, S., Sinanaj, B., German, L., Sharma, V., Bohra, A., Kolesnikova, A., Dunn, J. A., Martin, A. C., Khashi u Rahman, M., Saati-Santamaría, Z., García-Fraile, P., Ferreira, E. A., Frazão, L. A., Cowling, W. A., Siddique, K. H. M., Pandey, M. K., Farooq, M., … Foyer, C. H. (2023). Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops. Current Biology, 33(23), R1246–R1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CUB.2023.10.028
Buti, M., Baldoni, E., Formentin, E., Milc, J., Frugis, G., Lo Schiavo, F., Genga, A., & Francia, E. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Transcriptomic Data Reveals a Set of Key Genes Involved in the Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Rice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225662
De Bauw, P., Vandamme, E., Lupembe, A., Mwakasege, L., Senthilkumar, K., & Merckx, R. (2019). Architectural root responses of rice to reduced water availability can overcome phosphorus stress. Agronomy, 9(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9010011
Fonta, J. E., Vejchasarn, P., Henry, A., Lynch, J. P., & Brown, K. M. (2022). Many paths to one goal: Identifying integrated rice root phenotypes for diverse drought environments. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13(August), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.959629
Hossain, M. (2024). Yield Evaluation Of Cultivated Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties In Bangladesh. SAARC Journal of Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v22i1.68587
Hossain, MA. (2024). Yield Evaluation Of Cultivated Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties In Bangladesh. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 22(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v22i1.68587
Kang, J., Ding, R., Chen, J., Wu, S., Gao, W., Wen, Z., Tong, L., & Du, T. (2025a). Crop root system phenotyping with high water-use efficiency and its targeted precision regulation: Present and prospect. Agricultural Water Management, 309, 109327. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2025.109327
Kang, J., Ding, R., Chen, J., Wu, S., Gao, W., Wen, Z., Tong, L., & Du, T. (2025b). Crop root system phenotyping with high water-use efficiency and its targeted precision regulation: Present and prospect. Agricultural Water Management, 309, 109327. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2025.109327
Li, Q., Zhu, P., Yu, X., Xu, J., & Liu, G. (2024a). Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(17), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179404
Li, Q., Zhu, P., Yu, X., Xu, J., & Liu, G. (2024b). Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, Vol. 25, Page 9404, 25(17), 9404. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS25179404
Li, Y., Shi, W., Zhu, S., Yu, L., Cai, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Wu, Y., Pan, C., Chen, Z., Zhou, C., Ji, H., Huang, N., Zhang, X., Gao, P., Jiao, J., Xiao, N., & Li, A. (2024). Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Candidate Genes Controlling Tillering and Effective Panicle Number in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Breeding, 143(6), 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1111/PBR.13215
Liao, Z., Boubakri, H., Chen, B., Farooq, M., Yang, T., Liu, Q., & Fan, J. (2025). Pretreatment approaches for mitigating drought stress in plants. South African Journal of Botany, 184, 709–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAJB.2025.06.035
Lindner, S., Xue, W., Nay-Htoon, B., Choi, J., Ege, Y., Lichtenwald, N., Fischer, F., Ko, J., Tenhunen, J., & Otieno, D. (2016). Canopy scale CO2 exchange and productivity of transplanted paddy and direct seeded rainfed rice production systems in S. Korea. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 228–229, 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2016.07.014
Liu, K., Zhang, K., Zhang, Y., Cui, J., Li, Z., Huang, J., Li, S., Zhang, J., Deng, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., Ren, L., Chu, Y., Zhao, H., & Chen, H. (2024a). Optimizing the Total Spikelets Increased Grain Yield in Rice. Agronomy, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010152
Liu, K., Zhang, K., Zhang, Y., Cui, J., Li, Z., Huang, J., Li, S., Zhang, J., Deng, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., Ren, L., Chu, Y., Zhao, H., & Chen, H. (2024b). Optimizing the Total Spikelets Increased Grain Yield in Rice. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010152
Marie-Noel, M. F., Joseph, B. M., Liliane, T., Felix, F., Dorothy, M., & Salvador, D. P. (2021). Effect of plant spacing on the growth and yield of rainfed rice (Oryza sativa) in the bimodal rain forest zone of Cameroon. Journal of Agriculture and Crops, 7(2), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.32861/jac.72.48.59
Puspitaningrum, H., & Salamah, A. (2021). Analisis Karakteristik Vegetatif Dari Empat Varietas Padi Dalam Perlakuan Cekaman Kekeringan. Berita Biologi, 20(1), 1–12.
Rahmawati, D., Dewi, A. K., Mufikasari, V. Y., Wilujeng, E. D. I., & Adnan, M. R. (2024). Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties Under Drought Stress: Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 14(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.11594/JTLS.14.01.08
Rai, A. K., Panda, S., Panda, T. C., Dash, S. R., Mishra, P. J., Phonglosa, A., & Patra, C. (2024). Impact of Hasanta Rice on Yield and Brown Plant Hopper Incidence in Rain-Fed Semi-lowland Ecosystems: A Farmer-centric Study. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 36(8), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84855
Sari, A. R. K., Aryawati, S. A. N., Duwijana, I. N., & Sukarja, I. M. (2020). Respon varietas unggul padi produksi balitbangtan pada dua musim tanam berbeda di provinsi Bali. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal Ke-8 Tahun 2020, 109–117.
Sayed, L. M., Khaled, K. A. M., Samaha, G. M., & Saber, A. A. (2025). Integrating phenotypic, molecular, and bioinformatics approaches for developing drought-tolerant sesame. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-025-06891-0;SUBJMETA=208,449,61,631;KWRD=BIOTECHNOLOGY,GENETICS,PLANT+SCIENCES
Setiawan, A. (2023). SmartstatXL Versi 3.6.5.4 [software] (Versi 3.6.1.0, 14). https://www.smartstat.info/produk/smartstatxl-excel-add-in.html
Shah, B., Yadav, S. P. S., Khadka, A., Dahal, K., Neupane, B., & Bhandari, S. (2024). Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Impact, Performance and Recent Trends. Selcuk Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 38, 169–181. https://doi.org/10.15316/sjafs.2024.016
Sheoran, S. (2022). Recent Advances for Drought Stress Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.): Present Status and Future Prospects. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 872566. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2022.872566/XML
Wang, M., Lu, X., Xu, G., Yin, X., Cui, Y., Huang, L., Rocha, P. S. C. F., & Xia, X. (2016). OsSGL, a novel pleiotropic stress-related gene enhances grain length and yield in rice. Scientific Reports 2016 6:1, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38157
Yustina, I., Rachmawati, D., Aziz, F. N., Setiasih, Nirmalasari, S., & Baswarsiati. (2024). Yield, milling quality, rice quality and preferences of superior and specific location rice varieties. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1377(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012030
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Galung Tropika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
.png)
